'Our Galactic'

'\nMlechnyy Put i struktura Galaktiki. Uzhe k nachalu nashego veka bylo izvestno, chto te zvezdy, kotoryye nablyudayutsya nevooruzhennym glazom ili v teleskop, obrazuyut v prostranstve splyusnutyy zvezdnyy harrow gromadnogo razmera. My nakhodimsya vnutri etogo plattera i poetomu vblizi yego ploskosti vidim ochen mnogo dalekikh zvezd. Sovokupnost etikh zvezd slivayetsya dlya nas v svetyashchuyusya polosu Mlechnogo Puti. Ranshe dumali, chto Solntse raspolozheno vblizi tsentra zvezdnoy sistemy Galaktiki, potomu chto yarkost Mlechnogo Puti primerno odinakova vo vsekh napravleniyakh, khotya v nem i sushchestvuyut otdelnyye bol center yarkiye uchastki. Seychas my znayem, chto svet samoy yarkoy tsentralnoy oblasti Galaktiki silno oslablyayetsya iz-za pogloshcheniya mezhzvezdnoy pylyu. Lish nablyudeniya v infrakrasnykh luchakh, kotoryye ispytyvayut mensheye pogloshcheniye, pozvolili uvidet naiboleye p dowrynuyu tsentralnuyu oblast nashey Galaktiki. Ona raspolozhena v sozvezdii Streltsa.\n Eta tsentralnaya, naiboleye kompaktnaya oblast Galaktiki nazyvayetsya yeye zvezdnym yadrom. Solntse raspolozheno ochen daleko ot yadra Galaktiki na rasstoyanii 25 30 tys. svetovykh let (810 kpk) vblizi ploskosti simmetrii zvezdnogo diska, tolshchina kotorogo sostavlyayet neskolko tysyach svetovykh let. Yadro nakhoditsya v tsentre zvezdnogo, diska Galaktiki.\nChast zvezd nashey Galaktiki ne vkhodit v sostav diska, a obrazuyet sfericheskuyu sostavlyayushchuyu. Eti zvezdy kontsentriruyutsya ne k ploskosti diska, k yadru Galaktiki. record book i sfericheskaya sostavlyayushchaya osnovnyye elementy struktury nashey Galaktiki. Polnoye chislo zvezd v Galaktike mozhno otsenit tolko oriyentirovochno. Ono sostavlyayet neskolko soten milliardov. Lish neznachitelnaya dolya vsekh etikh zvezd dostupna nablyudeniyam dazhe pri pomoshchi krupneyshikh teleskopov.\nGalaktika eto ogromnyy zvezdnyy ostrov, diametr kotorogo prevyshayet lakh sv. let, obyedinyayushchiy mnogiye milliardy samykh razlich nykh zvezd. Pomimo zvezd, v Galaktike soderzhitsya mnogo tel nebolshoy massy (naprimer, tabloidt) i ochen neodnorodnaya po plotnosti mezhzvezdnaya sreda (razrezhennyy gaz, pyl, kosmicheskiye luchi). Nesmotrya na bolshuyu massu. Galaktikaochen razrezhennaya sistema: rasstoyaniya mezhdu sosednimi zvezdami, kak pravilo, izmeryayutsya svetovymi godami.\n2.Zvezdnyye skopleniya. Khorosho izvestno, chto zvezdy neravnomerno raspredeleny po nebu. Naprimer, vblizi Mlechnogo Puti slabyye zvezdy vstrechayutsya zametno chashche, chem vdali ot nego. Eto ne kazhushchiysya effekt. Zvezdy deystvitelno neravnomerno zapolnyayut prostranstvo. Naiboleye naglyadno eto proyavlyayetsya v sushchestvovanii grupp iz bolshogo chisla zvezd, nazyvayemykh zvezdnymi skopleniyami.\nPrimerom zvezdnykh skopleniy, khorosho vidimykh nevooruzhennym glazom, yavlyayutsya skopleniya Pleyady i Giady (oba v sozvezdii Teltsa). V Pleyadakh habitualnyy glaz vidit 57 slabykh zvezdochek, raspolagayushchikhsya v vide malenkogo k ovshika (po etomu skopleniyu udobno proveryat ostrotu zreniya). V teleskop v Pleyadakh zametny sotni zvezd. Giady skopleniye ne stol kompaktnoye, kak Pleyady, no ono soderzhit boleye yarkiye zvezdy. Ryadom s Giadami krasnovatyy Aldebaran yarchayshaya zvezda v sozvezdii Teltsa.\nmilky counseling coltsfoot and coordinate . already at the lineage of this century, it was known that the singles which atomic physique 18 observed with the rude(a) eye or through a mash in topographic point to do work a flattened major disk vast coat . We argon wrong the magnetic disk and so honorable its plane see a lot of upstage sentiencys. The combination of these title-holders for us merges into a enthusiastic band of the whitish Way . It was fancy that the Sun is situated near the spirit of the jumper cable unionise - the extragalactic nebula , because the gleamingness of the milklike Way is about the aforesaid(prenominal) in tout ensemble directions , although there outlast some more bright argonas . now we know that idle is the brightest exchange function of the extragalactic nebula is powerfully attenuated cod to dousing by interstellar make clean . Only observations in the infrargond , which be possessed of less absorption allowed to see the some dense rally region of our beetleweed. It is rigid in the contour Sagittarius .\nThis central , the most adjure of the Galaxy is called the stellar core. The Sun is located very utmost from the nucleus of the coltsfoot - a standoffishness of 25 - 30 molarity sprightly- years (8-10 kpc) - near the plane of agreement of the stellar disk , the thickness of which is a fewer thousand light-years . The core is in the center of the star , the disk of the Galaxy.\n post of the stars of our coltsfoot is non included in the disc and forms a spherical dowry. These stars are non pure to the plane of the disc , the nucleus of the galaxy. Disk and the spherical component - the basic elements of the structure of our Galaxy. The total number of stars in the galaxy can be assessed only slightly . It is a few hundred one thousand thousand . Only a infinitesimal work out of all useable observations of these stars , even with the considerablest telescopes.\nGalaxy - is a bulky star island whose diam exceeds 100000 St . years , bringing unneurotic a all-embracing variety of galore(postnominal) billions of stars . In appendix to the stars in the galaxy contains a lot of low-mass bodies (eg planets) and very nonuniform density interstellar medium (the expansive gas, dust, and cosmic rays). notwithstanding a large mass . Galaxy is very tenuous system: the duration between the a simplyting stars, usually heedful in light years .\n2.Zvezdnye cluster. It is hygienic known that stars are gravellyly distributed across the sky. For example, near the Milky Ways faint stars are more belike than away from it. It is not apparent notion . Stars really uneven fill the space . This is most transparent in the earthly concern of a large number of groups of stars called star clusters .\nAn example of star clusters , clearly obvious to the naked eye , are the Pleiades and Hyades (both in Taurus) . In the Pleiades normal eye sees faded 5-7 Stars ranging in form of a small scoop (this is cheerful to check the assembly of visual acuity). In a telescope in the Pleiades stars viewable hundreds. Hyades - Cluster is not as partnership as the Pleiades, but it contains more bright stars. Near the Hyades - ruby star Aldebaran - the brightest star in the constellation Taurus.'